Research progress on structure, function and disease correlation of solute carrier family 4 / 生理学报

The solute carrier family 4 (SLC4) includes 10 members (SLC4A1-5, SLC4A7-11), which are expressed in multiple tissues in the human body. The SLC4 family members differ in their substrate dependence, charge transport stoichiometry and tissue expression. Their common function is responsible for the transmembrane exchange of multiple ions, which is involved in many important physiological processes, such as erythrocyte CO2 transport and the regulation of cell volume and intracellular pH. In recent years, many studies have focused on the role of SLC4 family members in the occurrence of human diseases. When SLC4 family members have gene mutations, a series of functional disorders will occur in the body, leading to the occurrence of some diseases. This review summarizes the recent progress about the structures, functions and disease correlation of SLC4 members, in order to provide clues for the prevention and treatment of related human diseases.

Progress of corneal biomechanical measurements and applications in clinic / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· Cornea is an important part ofhuman's refractive system.Corneal biomechanics plays an important role in corneal ectasia and related diseases.The corneal biomechanics measured in vitro and in vivo and its clinical application in system diseases and elastic corneal disease,glaucoma,myopic are reviewed in this literature summary.

Modified Snodgrass technique for hypospadias / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect of modified Snodgrass surgical technique in the treatment of hypospadias.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 212 cases of hypospadias treated by urethroplasty from January 2008 to October 2016, 94 with the modified Snodgrass technique, namely with a silk line in addition to the urethral suture to make easier postoperative removal of the suture (group A), and the other 118 with the conventional Snodgrass technique (group B). The urethral suture was removed at 10 days after surgery for the patients in group A. We compared the success rate of surgery and incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with group B, group A showed a significantly higher success rate of surgery (81.36% vs 91.49%, P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The modified Snodgrass technique can improve the success rate of surgery and reduce the incidence rates of incisional infection and urinary fistula, which deserves wide clinical application.

Human papillomavirus infection and typing situation in cervical disease patients in a hospital / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate HPV infection and its typing situation in cervical disease patients in a hospital by flow fluorescence hybridization for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV). [Methods] From January to December 2013, a total of 4 041 cervical disease patients were as research objects.The cervical exfoliated cell specimens were collected and HPV genotypes were detected by flow fluorescence hybridization , while HPV infection rate , genetic subtypes , infection type and age distribution were analyzed . [ Results ] HPV infection was found in 744 cases ( 18 .41%) , in which 603 cases (14.92%) were single subtype and 141 cases(3.49%) multiple subtypes of infection.All 26 kinds of HPV subtypes available to detection were detected .The common subtypes were HPV-16, 52,58,39,18, 61,59,6 etc., in which HPV-61,6,11 subtypes were with low-risk and HPV-16,52,58 subtypes with high-risk.More common type of infection was high-risk subtype , in which single high-risk subtype infection was 13.07%(528/4 041) and multiple high-risk subtypes infection 2.15%(87/4 041).The highest rate of HPV infection(22.22%) was found in the women 31 to 40 years of age, and the lowest(13.99%) in those above 50 years.In all age groups , the high-risk subtype infection was found with the highest detection rate . [ Conclusion] Patients with cervical disease are found to have higher HPV infection rate with wider distribution genotype .Flow fluorescence hybridization proves a fast and effective method to detect HPV infection, and HPV genotyping has significance for prevention and treatment of cervical disease .

Comparative analysis of early diagnostic tools for breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Mammography is the principle imaging modality used for early diagnosis of breast cancer in Western countries. It has not been well-established whether this Western diagnostic modality is adoptable for Chinese women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the respective accuracy of the common diagnostic tools for breast cancer including history-taking, physical examination, ultrasound and mammography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical presentation and investigations for consecutive patients undergoing history-taking, physical examination, ultrasound, mammography and pathological assessment at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were prospectively recorded between April 2010 and September 2011. Breast cancer high-risk factors acquired by history-taking were input into the risk assessment model established previously by Eleventh Five Year Key Programs for Science and Technology Development of China (Grant No. 2006BAI02A09) and classified into low-, medium-, high- and extremely high-risk groups. The low- and medium-risk groups were defined as test negative, while the high- and extremely high-risk groups were defined as test positive. Each mammogram and ultrasound was reported prospectively using a five-point reporting scale of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Clinical data were compared with pathological findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PRV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of respective diagnostic methods were calculated and compared. The patients were divided into two groups, above and below 50 years of age for subgroup analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1468 patients (1475 breast lesions) constituted the study population. The median age was 44 (range 13 - 92) years. Five hundred and fifty-one patients were diagnosed as breast cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 51 years and breast cancer peaked in the age group of 40 - 60 years. The sensitivity of risk assessment model, physical examination, ultrasound and mammogram was 47.5%, 86.2%, 89.8% and 79.3%, respectively; specificity was 68.8%, 83.3%, 81.0% and 88.7%, respectively; PRV was 47.6%, 75.5%, 73.8% and 80.8%, respectively; NPV was 68.8%, 91.0%, 93.0% and 87.8%, respectively; and accuracy was 60.9%, 84.4%, 84.3% and 85.2%, respectively. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that age is an important factor influencing the sensitivity and specificity of physical examination, ultrasound and mammography.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ultrasound is more sensitive than mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer in Chinese women and should be routinely used as a first-line diagnostic tool. Only a single diagnostic method is not enough sometimes and combined examination is needed for some high-risk populations.</p>

Retinoic acid protects neonatal rats from hyperoxia-induced lung injury through down-regulating connective tissue growth factor / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of retinoic acid (RA)　protection　against hyperoxia-induced lung injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups (n=30 each): air control group (exposed to air) and hyperoxia groups (exposed to 85% oxygen) with and without RA treatment. The RA-treated hyperoxia group received an intraperitoneal injection of RA (500 μg/kg) daily. Lungs were removed by tnoracotomy 4, 7 and 14 days after exposure. Radical alveolar counts (RAC) were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining under a light microscope. The mRNA level of CTGF in lungs was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of CTGF protein in lungs was detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the prolonged hyperoxia exposure, the lungs developed inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar structure disorders, a decrease in the number of alveoli, and alveolar interstitial thickening in the hyperoxia groups with and without RA treatment. Pathological changes in the RA-treated hyperoxia group were less severe than the untreated hyperoxia group. The CTGF mRNA and protein expression were up-regulated in the hyperoxia groups with and without RA treatment 7 and 14 days after exposure compared with the air control group. Significantly decreased CTGF mRNA and protein expression were noted in the RA-treated hyperoxia group compared with the untreated hyperoxia group 14 days after exposure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of CTGF mRNA and protein increases in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury. RA may provide protections against the lung injury possibly through down-regulating CTGF expression.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of occult breast cancer: report of 23 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the presenting clinical features, management approach and treatment outcomes for occult breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three patients with occult breast cancer presenting with axillary nodal metastases treated in our department between 1986 and 2007 were included in this study. The clinicopathological, imaging and follow-up data of the 23 cases were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were female. The mean age of diagnosis was 57.7 years with a range of 27 - 73 years. The mean follow-up was 15.70 months (range 1 - 62 months). Eight cases in 17 patients were positive by breast ultrasound, three cases in 9 patients were positive by mammography, one case in 2 patients was positive by breast MRI. 20 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy and three patients did not receive the mastectomy treatment. 16 patients had chemotherapy, four patients had radiotherapy, two patients had both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Two patients had pulmonary metastasis, one patient had recurrence of axillary nodes, pulmonary metastasis and bone metastasis during follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A normal check before operation to exclude a cancer of other origin can help to diagnose occult breast cancer. The breast must be treated. Axillary nodal dissection and mastectomy, or breast conservation with radiation therapy alone can be considered as a management option.</p>

Effects of acupuncture plus acupoint sticking on bone mass density and pain in the patient of primary osteoporosis / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of acupuncture plus acupoint sticking of Migudan on bone mass density (BMD) and pain in the patient of primary osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By computer random number generating method, the patients were randomly divided into a treatment group treated with acupuncture plus acupoint sticking of Migudan, and a control group treated with Gaitianli, 48 cases in each group. Changes of their BMD and cumulative scores of pain after treatment were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Acupuncture plus acupoint sticking of Migudan could relieve cumulative score of bone pain in the patient of primary osteoporosis as compared with the control group (P 0.01), with 95% CI= 4.05 to approximately 4. 31 points; acupuncture plus acupoint sticking of Migudan could increase significantly BMD in the patients as compared with the control group (P < 0.05), L2 to approximately L4 BMD 95% CI = 0.029 to approximately 0.073 g/cm2, the neck of femur BMD 95% CI = 0.013 to approximately 0.047 g/cm2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture plus acupoint sticking of Migudan has definite therapeutic effect on primary osteoporosis.</p>

Effects of acupoint-injection of Kaixilai on TG, TC, MDA, SOD, AST and ALT in the patient of non-alcoholic fatty liver / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of acupoint-injection of Kaixilai on non-alcoholic fatty liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver were randomly divided into a test group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The test group were treated with injection of 2 mL Kaixilai injection into Zusanli (ST 36), thrice each week, for 3 months; and the control group were treated with intravenous drip of 200 mL Kaixilai injection, once each day, for 3 months. Changes of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), malondialhyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and clinical symptoms were observed in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences before and after treatment in the symptoms, TG, TC, MDA, SOD, AST and ALT in the two groups (P<0.05), with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupoint-injection of Kaixilai is an effective therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver, with convenience, economic and no adverse effect.</p>

Analysis of Hematology Changes in Children with Malaria / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze changes of three periodical circulation systems,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and bone marrow cell morphology in children with malaria.Methods The routine tests of hematology by Sysmex KX-21 Counter, erythrocyte sedimentation rate by Westergren method and bone marrow cell morphology were analyzed. Results In 22 cases of malaria the ratio of Hb level below 110 g/L,WBC below 4?10~9/L and PLT below 100?10~9/L was 68.2%, 41.0%, and 77.3%,respectively. The ratio of children with all three parameters (Hb, WBC and PLT) abnormal was 36.4%, with two parameters abnormal was 63.6%. Ninty-five point five percent of malaria children′s erythrocyte sedimentation rate was abnormal. Fifty-nine point one percent of malaria children had hyperplasia anemia bone marrow morphology, 77.3% secondary thrombocytopenia and 54.5% with both of two bone marrow morphology.Conclusions Three periodical circulation systems of malaria children alter notably, especially in PLT and Hb. The majority has erythrocyte sedimentation rate abnormal, and bone marrow cell morphology shows hyperplasia anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Effects of acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation technique at early stage on life self-care ability and mental state of the patient of stroke / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation at early stage on life self-care ability and mental state of the patient of stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and twelve cases with stable life signs and no progress of neurological signs for 48 hours were randomly divided into an acupuncture plus rehabilitation group (group I, n = 113) and a simple acupuncture group (group II, n = 99). The group I were treated by acupuncture plus psychological therapy and movement function rehabilitation therapy, and the group II by simple acupuncture. Their life self-care ability and mental state were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The score of life self-care ability in the group I was up-regulated by 17.57 points (P < 0.05) and the mental state was down-regulated by 5.86 points (P < 0.05) in average as compared with that in the group II.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation technique at early stage of stroke can significantly improve life self-care ability and mental state of the patient.</p>